620s

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The 620s decade ran from January 1, 620, to December 31, 629.

Events

620

By place[edit]

Byzantine Empire[edit]
Britain[edit]
Asia[edit]
America[edit]
  • The town of Cholula is founded in central Mexico (later said to be the oldest continuously occupied town in all of North America).

By topic[edit]

Religion[edit]

621

By place[edit]

Byzantine Empire[edit]
Europe[edit]
Asia[edit]

By topic[edit]

Religion[edit]
Technology[edit]
  • The Chinese establish an imperial bureau for the manufacture of porcelain. Their technology will advance further under the Tang dynasty (approximate date).

622

By place[edit]

Byzantine Empire[edit]
Asia[edit]
Central America[edit]

By topic[edit]

Religion[edit]
  • September 9[5] or June 17[6] – The Islamic prophet Muhammad, after being warned of a plot to assassinate him, secretly leaves his home in Mecca to make the Hijrah (emigrate) to Yathrib (later renamed by him Medina), along with his companion Abu Bakr. They take refuge in the Cave of Thawr south of Mecca for three days, departing on September 13 or June 21.
  • September 20[5] or June 28[6] – Muhammad does not enter Yathrib directly, but stops at its outlying environs of Quba. He establishes the Quba Mosque here, the first mosque of Islam. On July 2 (or September 24) he makes his first visit to Yathrib for Friday prayers.
  • October 4[5] or July 13 – After a fourteen days' stay in Quba, Muhammad finally moves from Quba to Yathrib, and is greeted cordially by its people. Here he drafts the Constitution of Medina, an agreement between the various Muslim, Jewish, Christian and pagan tribal communities in the city, forming the basis of a multi-religious Islamic state, and begins construction of the Al-Masjid an-Nabawi Mosque. Later during the caliphate of Umar in 638, the lunar year during which the emigration to Medina occurred (Friday 16 July 622 – 4 July 623) is designated "Year One" of the new Hijri era (Anno Hegirae – AH).
  • Xuanzang is fully ordained as a Buddhist monk at the age of 20.[7]

623

By place[edit]

Byzantine Empire[edit]
Europe[edit]
Asia[edit]

By topic[edit]

Art[edit]
Religion[edit]

624

By place[edit]

Byzantine Empire[edit]
Europe[edit]
Britain[edit]
Arabia[edit]
Asia[edit]

By topic[edit]

Religion[edit]

625

By place[edit]

Byzantine Empire[edit]
Britain[edit]
Asia[edit]

By topic[edit]

Religion[edit]

626

By place[edit]

Byzantine Empire[edit]
Europe[edit]
Britain[edit]
Persia[edit]
  • Summer – King Khosrau II plans an all-out effort against Constantinople. He returns to Anatolia with two armies of unknown size, presumably more than 50,000 men each. One of these (possibly commanded by Khosrau himself) is to contain Heraclius in Pontus; another under Shahin Vahmanzadegan is defeated by Theodore.
Asia[edit]

627

By place[edit]

Byzantine Empire[edit]
Britain[edit]
Arabia[edit]

By topic[edit]

Religion[edit]
Education[edit]

628

By place[edit]

Byzantine Empire[edit]
  • Spring – Byzantine–Sassanid War: Emperor Heraclius issues an ultimatum for peace to King Khosrow II, but he refuses his generous terms. The war-weary Persians revolt against Khosrow's regime at Ctesiphon, and install his son Kavadh II on the throne on February 25. He puts his father to death and begins negotiations with Heraclius. Kavadh is forced to return all the territories conquered during the war. The Persians must give up all of the trophies they have captured, including the relic of the True Cross. Evidently there is also a large financial indemnity. Having accepted a peace agreement on his own terms, Heraclius returns in triumph to Constantinople.[26]
  • Third Perso-Turkic War: The Western Göktürks, under their leader Tong Yabghu Qaghan, plunder Tbilisi (modern Georgia). The Persian defenders are executed or mutilated; Tong Yabghu appoints governors (tuduns) to manage various tribes under his overlordship.[27]
Britain[edit]
Central America[edit]
Persia[edit]
Arabia[edit]

By topic[edit]

Arts and sciences[edit]
Education[edit]
  • The Sharia enjoins women as well as men to obtain secular and religious educations. It forbids eating pork, domesticated donkey, and other flesh denied to Jews by Mosaic law (approximate date).
Religion[edit]

629

By place[edit]

Byzantine Empire[edit]
Europe[edit]
Britain[edit]
Arabia[edit]
Asia[edit]
Americas[edit]

By topic[edit]

Religion[edit]

Significant people[edit]

Births

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Deaths

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629

References[edit]

  1. ^ Fine 1991, p. 36.
  2. ^ Fine 1991, p. 42.
  3. ^ Roger Collins, "Visigothic Spain 409–711", p. 76
  4. ^ Kaegi 2003, p. 116.
  5. ^ a b c Shamsi, F. A. (1984). "The Date of Hijrah". Islamic Studies. 23: 189–224, 289–323.
  6. ^ a b Shaikh, Fazlur Rehman (2001). Chronology of Prophetic Events. London: Ta-Ha Publishers. pp. 51–52.
  7. ^ Howgego, Raymond John (2003). Encyclopedia of Exploration to 1800. Hordern House. p. 522. ISBN 978-1-875567-36-2.
  8. ^ Rome at War (AD 293–696), p. 61. Michael Whitby, 2002. ISBN 1-84176-359-4
  9. ^ Fine 1991, p. 43.
  10. ^ Kaegi 2003, p. 127.
  11. ^ Kaegi 2003, p. 128.
  12. ^ Kaegi 2003, p. 129.
  13. ^ Fryde, E.B. (1996), "Handbook of British Chronology" (Third revised ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, p. 213. ISBN 0-521-56350-X
  14. ^ a b Kaegi 2003, p. 131.
  15. ^ The Walls of Constantinople AD 324–1453, p. 47. Stephen Turnbull, 2004. ISBN 978-1-84176-759-8
  16. ^ Bede Book II, Chapter IX.
  17. ^ Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Manuscript A (ASC A), 626
  18. ^ Kaegi 2003, p. 144.
  19. ^ Kaegi 2003, p. 167.
  20. ^ Kaegi 2003, p. 173.
  21. ^ Oman, Charles (1893), Europe, 476–918, Volume 1 (p. 211)
  22. ^ Norwich, John Julius (1997), A Short History of Byzantium, Vintage Books, p. 93. ISBN 0-679-77269-3
  23. ^ Watt, Muhammad at Medina, p. 36
  24. ^ Bede Book II, Chapter XIV.
  25. ^ "St. Columbanus". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company (1913)
  26. ^ Kaegi 2003, pp. 178, 189–190.
  27. ^ Christian 1999, p. 283; Artamanov, p. 170–180.[full citation needed]
  28. ^ The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle[permanent dead link]
  29. ^ Palmer, Alan & Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 30–34. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
  30. ^ Rodney Aist, "The Christian Topography of Early Islamic Jerusalem", Brepols Publishers (2009), p. 59
  31. ^ Illustrated Dictionary of the Muslim World. Marshall Cavendish. 2010. pp. 122–123. ISBN 978-0-7614-7929-1.
  32. ^ DeBlasi, Anthony (2002). Reform in the balance: the defense of literary culture in mid-Tang China. SUNY Press. p. 170. ISBN 978-0-7914-5436-7.
  33. ^ Cooper, J. C. (2013). Dictionary of Christianity. Abingdon, Oxon. p. 2. ISBN 9781315074047.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  34. ^ The New Encyclopædia Britannica: Micropædia (15th ed.). 1991. p. 765. ISBN 978-0-85229-529-8.
  35. ^ Holtzclaw, R. Fulton (1980). The Saints Go Marching In. Keeble Press. p. 24. ISBN 9780933144002.
  36. ^ Woo, X. L. (2008). "622&pg=PA19 Empress Wu the Great: Tang Dynasty China. Algora Publishing. p. 19. ISBN 978-0-87586-660-4.
  37. ^ Bellenger, Dominic Aidan; Fletcher, Stella (17 February 2005). The Mitre and the Crown: A History of the Archbishops of Canterbury. History Press. p. 149. ISBN 978-0-7524-9495-1.
  38. ^ "Boniface V | pope". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
  39. ^ Lynch, Michael, ed. (February 24, 2011). The Oxford companion to Scottish history. Oxford University Press. p. 5. ISBN 9780199693054.

Sources[edit]