1991 in science

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List of years in science (table)
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The year 1991 in science and technology involved many significant events, some listed below.

Astronomy and space exploration[edit]

Chemistry[edit]

Computer science[edit]

Conservation[edit]

Geophysics[edit]

Mathematics[edit]

Physics[edit]

Physiology and medicine[edit]

Technology[edit]

  • July 1 – World's first GSM telephone call made in Finland.

Publications[edit]

  • The first open-access scientific online archive, arXiv, is begun as a preprint service for physicists, initiated by Paul Ginsparg.

Awards[edit]

Births[edit]

Deaths[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "1991: Sharman becomes first Briton in space". BBC News. 1991-05-18. Archived from the original on 2008-03-07. Retrieved 2008-02-01.
  2. ^ Balbus, Steven A.; Hawley, John F. (1991). "A powerful local shear instability in weakly magnetized disks". The Astrophysical Journal. 376: 214–233. Bibcode:1991ApJ...376..214B. doi:10.1086/170270.
  3. ^ Iijima, Sumio (7 November 1991). "Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon". Nature. 354 (6348): 56–58. Bibcode:1991Natur.354...56I. doi:10.1038/354056a0. S2CID 4302490.
  4. ^ Monthioux, Marc; Kuznetsov, Vladimir L. (2006). "Who should be given the credit for the discovery of carbon nanotubes?" (PDF). Carbon. 44 (9): 1621. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2006.03.019. Retrieved 2012-02-03.
  5. ^ Zimmermann, Philip (2001-06-05). "PGP Marks 10th Anniversary". Archived from the original on 2011-05-14. Retrieved 2012-01-28.
  6. ^ "Welcome to info.cern.ch, the website of the world's first-ever web server". CERN. Archived from the original on 27 May 2008. Retrieved 25 May 2008.
  7. ^ "World Wide Web—Archive of world's first website". World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved 25 May 2008.
  8. ^ "World Wide Web—First mentioned on USENET". 6 August 1991. Archived from the original on 12 May 2008. Retrieved 25 May 2008.
  9. ^ "The original post to alt.hypertalk describing the WorldWideWeb Project". Google Groups. 9 August 1991. Retrieved 25 May 2008.
  10. ^ Pope, Kevin O.; et al. (9 May 1991). "Mexican site for K/T impact crater?". Nature. 351 (6322): 105. Bibcode:1991Natur.351..105P. doi:10.1038/351105a0. S2CID 36707836.
  11. ^ Hildebrand, Alan R.; Penfield, Glen T.; Kring, David A.; Pilkington, Mark; Zanoguera, Antonio Camargo; Jacobsen, Stein B.; Boynton, William V. (September 1991). "Chicxulub Crater: a possible Cretaceous/Tertiary Boundary impact crater on the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico". Geology. 19 (9): 867–871. Bibcode:1991Geo....19..867H. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0867:CCAPCT>2.3.CO;2.
  12. ^ Schulte, Peter; et al. (2010). "The Chicxulub Asteroid Impact and Mass Extinction at the Cretaceous- Paleogene Boundary" (PDF). Science. 327 (5970): 1214–1218. Bibcode:2010Sci...327.1214S. doi:10.1126/science.1177265. PMID 20203042. S2CID 2659741.
  13. ^ Candelas, Philip; de la Ossa, Xenia; Green, Paul; Parks, Linda (1991). "A pair of Calabi–Yau manifolds as an exactly soluble superconformal field theory". Nuclear Physics B. 359 (1): 21–74. Bibcode:1991NuPhB.359...21C. doi:10.1016/0550-3213(91)90292-6.
  14. ^ Wang, Qiudong (1991). "The global solution of the n-body problem". Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy. 50 (1): 73–88. Bibcode:1991CeMDA..50...73W. doi:10.1007/BF00048987. ISSN 0923-2958. S2CID 118132097.